浅谈建设项目开展气候可行性论证的必要性

根据开展气候论证工作经验,结合古今中外的例子,论述了城市规划、重点建设工程、太阳能、风能开发利用必须开展气候可行性论证的必要性,并对今后如何开展气候可行论证工作提出了相应的对策和建议。     

凤凰山地区蒲江-新津-德阳隐伏断裂反射波法地震勘探与断裂活动性研究

利用反射波法地震勘探确定了在凤凰山地区蒲江-新津-德阳隐伏断裂通过的具体位置以及断裂的规模和性质,证明了该断裂在向东俯冲的过程中错切了晚更新统沉积物,具有明显的第四纪活动性,对凤凰山台地的形成起到了一定的控制作用。地面地质调查及历史地震研究也证明蒲江-新津-德阳隐伏断裂具有晚更新世活动性,且断裂南段的活动性明显强于北段,表明该断裂的北段是成都平原内部的一条弱地震活动带。同时,文中还对在城市近郊人烟繁杂地带反射波法地震勘探中野外观测系统的布置及地震参数的选取进行了探索,小道间距、小偏移距、多接收道、短排列、多次覆盖、高频检波器接收的工作方法和野外地震参数的合理选取对实现主要干扰波和反射波信号的有效分离,提高地震勘探分辨率起到了至关重要的作用     

Research on the Method of Orbit Determination Based on the Self-adaptive Stable Least p-norm Estimate

The traditional least square estimation (LSE) method for orbit determination will not be optimal if the error of observational data does not obey the Gaussian distribution. In order to solve this problem, the least p-norm (Lp) estimation method is presented in this paper to deal with the non-Gaussian distribution cases. We show that a suitable selection of parameter p may guarantee a reasonable orbit determination result. The character of Lp estimation is analyzed. It is shown that the traditional Lp estimation method is not a robust method. And a stable Lp estimating based on data depth weighting is put forward to deal with the model error and outlier. In the orbit determination process, the outlier of observational data and coarse model error can be quantitatively described by their weights. The farther is the data from the data center, the smaller is the value of data depth and the smaller is the weighted value accordingly. The result of the new Lp method is stabler than that of the traditional Lp estimation and the breakdown point could be up to 1/2. In addition, the orbit parameter is adaptively estimated by residual analysis and matrix estimation method, and the estimation efficiency is enhanced. Finally, by taking the Space-based Space Surveillance System as an example and performing simulation experiments, we show that if there are system error or abnormal value in the observational data or system error in satellite dynamical model and space-based observation platform, LSE will not be optimal even though the observational data obeys the Gaussian distribution, and the orbit determination precision by the self-adaptive robust Lp estimation method is much better than that by the traditional LSE method.     

Variations in silicate concentration affecting photosynthetic carbon fixation by spring phytoplankton assemblages in surface water of the Strait of Malacca

The Strait of Malacca (SoM), the world’s busiest sea-route, is increasingly polluted as the rapid development of world trades, affecting phytoplankton primary productivity therein. The variations of surface phytoplankton biomass, size-structure and carbon fixation were investigated across the SoM during the spring period (May 4 to 9, 2011). Chlorophyll a concentration increased from 0.12 μg/L at the northwest entrance of the SoM to a maximal 0.63 μg/L at narrowest section, and decreased to 0.10 μg/L at the southeast entrance. Photosynthetic carbon fixation by phytoplankton coincided well with Chl a biomass, and increased from 10.8 to 22.3 μg C/(L d), then decreased to 9.21 μg C/(L d); while the carbon fixation rate showed an inverse pattern to the changes of Chl a, and decreased from 87.1 to 35.5 μg C/(μg Chl a d) and increased thereafter to 95.3 μg C/(μg Chla·d). Picophytoplankton cells (<3 μm) contributed to more than 60% and 50% of the total Chl a and carbon fixation at both the entry waters; while the contributions of pico-cells decreased sharply to the minimum of 18.3% and 27.5% at the narrowest part of the SoM. In particular, our results showed that the silicate concentration positively regulated Chl a biomass and carbon fixation, reflecting that the higher silicate favoured the growth of phytoplankton and thus led to higher primary production in this strait.     

Determination of cosmogenic 32P and 33P in environmental samples

Understanding phosphorus dynamics in marine environment is of great importance, and appropriate tracers for phosphorus cycling in oceans are invaluable. In this study, two methods were developed for extraction, purification, and determination of naturally occurring 32P and 33P in rainwater, marine plankton and sediments using both a low-level beta counter (LBC) and an ultra-low-level liquid scintillation spectrometer (LSS). Blanks, chemical yields and counting efficiencies were quantified for both methods. The chemical purification of 32P and 33P separated by both procedures was validated by their decay curves. The absorber thickness of aluminum for LBC was assessed as 39.2 mg/cm 2 . 32P and 33P specific activities in some rain samples were determined by both methods and showed good consistent results. The advantage of the LSS over the LBC is apparent in its high counting efficiency and in determining samples with high concentration of stable phosphorus. However, when measuring environmental samples with low concentration of stable phosphorus, such as rainwater, both methods can be used and each has its distinct advantage.     

坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)化学成分的研究

利用硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱、HPLC等技术,从坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)乙醇提取物首次分离纯化得到了7个化合物,通过质谱(MS)及核磁共振波谱(1H NMR、13C NMR)等现代波谱技术鉴定为：1,8-二羟基-9,10-蒽醌(1)、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(2)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(3)、β-谷甾醇(4)、鲨肝醇(5)、(E)-N-2(1,3-二羟基-4-十八烯基)-十六酰胺(6)、胆甾醇(7)。其中,化合物1对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为80μg/mL。     

SMOS卫星遥感海表盐度资料处理应用研究进展

土壤湿度和海洋盐度卫星首次提供了覆盖全球的高频率、高精度、业务化的海表盐度产品,但其处理和延伸应用仍处于初级阶段,后续校准校正工作还将持续数年,如何及时把握其发展轨迹成为一个重要的科学问题.本研究从SMOS计划、数据概况、盐度反演算法、格点产品制作、多源数据融合和产品应用等方面,介绍和评述了SMOS计划及其海表盐度产品应用研究进展,着重分析了反演算法中的各种误差来源,对在轨2 a的运行情况进行了回顾、对未来的发展重点进行了展望,旨在为开发和应用SMOS产品提供参考.     

三维激光扫描技术在海洋模型试验中的应用

基于三维激光扫描技术,使用Leica ScanStation 2地面三维激光扫描仪对胶州湾物理模型试验地形进行测量.结果表明,三维激光扫描技术比常规的地形测量技术具有更多的优势,为海洋物理模型试验地形提供了一种高效、可行的测量手段.     

东海盆地某油气田A井P层沉积体系研究

东海盆地某油气田A井钻遇古近系平湖组P层为一套灰绿色含砾细砂岩.对此层中的微量元素、古生物资料、粒度特征以及测井资料的分析表明：沉积物中的硼元素含量较低,Sr/Ba比值小于1,Fe/Mn比值远大于5,这些指标反映沉积水体为淡水;同时,Ni/Co比值大多数介于2.5～5之间,而V/Ni比值大于1,指示研究层位沉积于还原环境中.该层沉积物中,蕨类孢子含量极高,花粉组合以阔叶类木本为主,且含较多喜暖湿针叶类花粉,说明当时盆地周边区域气候大致相当于现代亚热带气候,较温暖且偏湿润.A井P层中,砾石具近源快速堆积特征,泥岩属较深水沉积,岩层粒度具浊积岩特征;结合空间岩性展布状况可以判断,P层沉积相属于温暖湿润气候下的淡水近岸水下扇相.     

一种承压堵漏新方法的实验研究

钻井过程中会遇到一些微裂缝地层,这往往要引起井漏.轻微的井漏可能只是耗费处理时间及成本,而严重井漏则可能会诱发诸如井塌、卡钻、井喷等一系列复杂情况或者事故,这将不仅影响钻井工作的效率,还带来巨大的经济损失.所以,堵漏是钻井过程中必须经常面对的问题,能够低成本地实现承压堵漏对于钻井井漏的处理就显得格外重要.使用新的材料/方法来提高地层的承压能力,即在抗高温聚磺钻井液中加入矿渣（KZ）,并在激活剂处理液中培养,配制出新型的堵漏钻井液体系.经过试验证明,加入KZ对钻井液常规性能的影响不大,不但能大幅度提高地层的承压能力,同时证明了激活剂对于激活KZ活性的可行性.对于抗高温聚磺钻井液,当KZ加量为30％、并且激活剂加量为30％时,试样的承压能力达到最大.此方法在一定程度上提高了微裂缝地层的承压能力.